#Fallen doll 1.09 skin
Ultraviolet B irradiation from the sun is the primary source, which converts 7-dehydrocholesterol in the skin to cholecalciferol (vitamin D 3). Vitamin D is a group of fat-soluble steroids that can be naturally obtained through two sources. In particular, vitamin D use is an interesting intervention. They include minimization of medications, initiation of exercise program, treating vision impairment, managing postural hypotension and cardiac abnormalities, improving footwear and home environment, and prescription of vitamin D. ( 8) Nevertheless, multiple interventions have been identified as being beneficial in preventing falls in seniors.
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( 7) Among all these factors, cognitive impairment is one of the main contributing factors. Intrinsic factors include cognitive, visual, neurologic, and gait impairment, as well as cardiovascular diseases, muscle weakness, and medication influences such as antihypertensives while extrinsic factors are those related to the environment such as wet floors and poor lighting. Risk factors of falls can be divided into intrinsic and extrinsic factors.
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They result in more injuries, longer hospital stays, more medico-legal issues and over USD 4000 in excess charges per hospitalization, ( 5) which ranges from USD 319 in minor, noninjurious falls to USD 22,368 in multi-injury falls. ( 4) In addition, falls in LTC seniors are very costly.
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( 3) These injuries further expose the patients to surgically related risks and complications of immobilization, including pulmonary embolism, infection, and physical deconditioning. ( 1, 2) LTC seniors are also prone to suffer from more serious consequences, with 10%–25% having a fracture or laceration. Seniors living in long-term care (LTC) facilities have higher average rate of falls of 1.5–1.7 per person annually, comparing with community-dwelling seniors who had an average rate of 0.65 per person annually.